This fact alone was a good enough indication that the parents of malformed children were more closely related. Even among Pakistanis, Mirpur is considered uncivilized. H. K. Poshtmasari, H. Pirdashti, M. Nasiri, and M. A. Bahmanyar, Study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer management on dry matter remobilization of three cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.), Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, vol. Muslim Inbreeding: Impacts on intelligence, sanity, health and Pakistan is the world's fifth-most populated country.[7]. 184188, 2001. S. S. Virmami, Shifting the yield frontier with hybrid rice, in Increasing Rice Production in BangladeshChallenges and Strategies, S. I. Bhuiyna and A. N. M. R. Karim, Eds., pp. Current photosynthate accumulation panicle1 (CPA) was computed using the following formula: Collected data were put to analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique and the means were compared by the Duncan multiple range test (DMRT), using the statistical computer package program MSTAT-C [37]. The present study suggested accumulation of more dry matter before heading and its higher translocation into the developing grain during filling stage resulting in higher yield of hybrids over the modern inbred. 34253429, 2007. (a) 20 December planting, (b) 05 January planting, (c) 20 January planting, and (d) 05 February planting. Effects of parental consanguinity on fertility, mortality and morbidity among the pattusalis of Tirupati, South India. Inbreeding is common in the southeast region and more rural states, such as Eastern Kentucky. 157176, IRRI, 1998. Consanguinity and reproductive health in Iraq. 18. The statistics below do not contain Azad Kashmir or Gilgit-Baltistan, which disseminate their census data separately from Pakistan's four provinces and Islamabad. Pakistan: Fertility rate from 2010 to 2020 [Graph]. Regression analysis indicated that birth weight (p<0.05), weaning weight 2, pp. Researchers Find 13,200 Cases Of U.K. Inbreeding And Think The True Number Is Even Higher. But in the Islamic World, the practice is still very much alive as their Prophet Mohammad allowed this, with the consequences increasingly felt by countries in Europe, and are starting to have effect in the USA, Canada and Australia. London 2-3, pp. This group is dwindling because of its age. It is recommended for cultivation in both dry seasons of Bangladesh. and Winter, R.M. Because of this, Pakistan has a multicultural, multilinguistic, and multiethnic society. 271, Brisbane, Australia, SeptemberOctober 2004. 70 4, pp. This improvement is not always translated to the grain yield and its physiological causes are still unclear. 17. The prevalence of such marriages is dictated, to a large extent, by culture, religion, tradition and civil laws3. March 30, 2023. J. Yang and J. Zhang, Grain-filling problem in super rice, Journal of Experimental Botany, vol. CONSANGUINITY AND INBREEDING COEFFICIENT IN TRIBAL PASHTUNS INHABITING Show publisher information 8288, 1997 (Chinese). C. H. Qi, Analysis on source-sink relationship and its regulation techniques of hybrid rice combinations, Journal of Jiangxi Agricultural University, vol. WebNikolai Sennels estimates that close to half of all Muslims in the world today are inbred. Inbreeding significantly (P<0.01) affected birth and 60 days weight. It might be due to the intrinsic genetic trait or well adaptability of inbred BRRI dhan5 to environmental conditions. Homozygosity occurs when a person has identical stretches of genotypes meaning those sections of genetic code came from both parents. S. Peng, J. Yang, F. V. Gracia et al., Physiology-based crop management for yield maximization of hybrid rice, in Advances in Hybrid Rice, S. S. Virmani, E. A. Siddiq, and K. Muralidaran, Eds., pp. Jpri. The studied hybrid varieties synthesized significantly higher amounts of chlorophyll and maintained higher chlorophyll a:b ratio in their flag leaf over inbred BRRI dhan45 (Table 4). PAKISTAN DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEY - Census in Pakistan Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (2005). ), 7.2 deaths / 1,000 population (2021 est. Results and Discussion Chaliyan 70 6 0 0 0 0 6 8.6 0.0054 Cheruman 75 5 0 000 5 6.7 0.0042 M. A. As Pakistan lacks a national vital statistics system that publicly disseminates data, all of the following information is made from estimates, which are constantly being revised. 6. Both hybrid varieties outyielded the inbred. You only have access to basic statistics. Basmati Rice Production and Research in Pakistan [3] The country's population structure is relatively young, with a median age of 19. 61, no. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), hybrid rice technology is the key approach for the increase of global rice production [2]. forms: { Saraiki is to a high degree mutually intelligible with Standard Punjabi[78][79] and shares with it a large portion of its vocabulary and morphology. Saunders Co., 1988, pp. Climate of both experimental sites is similar. 1118, 1981 (Chinese). Rice production has to be increased 1% per annum to deliver sufficient rice for an evergrowing population of rice-consuming countries [1]. The country has a relatively high, although declining, growth rate supported by high birth rates and low death rates. 5155, 2002. Languages with more than a million speakers each include Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Saraiki, Urdu, Balochi, Hindko, Pahari-Pothwari[b] and Brahui. In this study there was no significant difference in flag leaf photosynthetic rate between the studied hybrid and inbred rice varieties, irrespective of planting dates. The country's urban population more than tripled between 1981 and 2017 (from 23.8million to 75.7million), as Pakistan's urbanisation rate rose from 28.2% to 36.4%. Even in England, more than half of Pakistani immigrants are married to window.mc4wp.listeners.push( Grey, R.F. 19271936, 2008, (Chinese with English abstract). Slow senescence and stronger photosynthetic capability of flag leaf, higher LAI at grain filling period, and higher postheading-CGR are the prerequisites for higher yield in hybrid rice [2528]. In 1,200 years just 100,000 books have been translated into Arabic, a number achieved by Spain every year. 1. The more common variety, involving first cousins, was purposefully excluded (many countries legally allow and culturally accept these less extreme cases, and their health impacts have thus already been well documented). Sennels states that the ability to enjoy and produce knowledge and abstract thinking is simply lower in the Islamic world an example being that the entire Arab world translates only 330 books a year, roughly 20% of Greece alone. Web[repost] According to a study 70% of Pakistan population is inbred and retarded. Am. 6, pp. [34]. 6, pp. WebR BC = S[() n + n' (1 + F A)] v (1 + F B)(1 + F C) . 4849, 2001. Muslim Inbreeding is a Huge Problem-And People Don't Want to [28] reported that the more dry matter in the vegetative organ at heading contributes little to the grain due to poor transportation and remobilization of stored assimilates and these account for poor grain filling rather than source limitation in super- and intersubspecific hybrids. At first sampling, hills were selected from the third rows and the next two rows or three hills were left for subsequent sampling to minimize the border effect. Association between genetic inbreeding and disease mortality Almost all of the above mentioned families (except 5) belonged to the group which presented with a malformed child. The 2017 census recorded a population of 207,684,626 living in Pakistan's four provinces and the Islamabad Capital Territory. Accumulated larger dry matter triggered better assimilate remobilization at the grain filling stage. Occasional papers, second series, No.4, London, Galton Institute, 1992. 2, pp. A. Abou Khalifa, Physiological evaluation of some hybrid rice varieties under different sowing dates, Australian Journal of Crop Science, vol. Flag leaf chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a:b ratio gradually decreased in the hybrid and inbred varieties with advanced maturity. The reason could be the parents influence dominating the choice of the marnage partners. Hered., 1978;28 :226-234. One hundred and fifty-five siblings were also found malformed in 145 families. In Pakistan, the numbers approach 70%. statistic alerts) please log in with your personal account. The numberofmalfonnedchildrenin related and unrelated parents were noted and subjected to various comparative methods of analysis. [7] This data includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan. 3, p. 33, 2009, Regd no. B. Zou et al., Study on yield stability and dry matter characteristics of super hybrid rice, Scientia Agricultura Sinica, vol. The truth about white tigers These cookies do not store any personal information. [36]: as of 2018[38], Ethnic groups in Pakistan (World Factbook)[41], The major ethnolinguistic groups of Pakistan include Punjabis, Pashtuns, Sindhis, Saraikis, Muhajirs, Balochs, Paharis[a][b] and Brahuis,[42][c] with significant numbers of Kashmiris, Chitralis, Shina, Baltis, Kohistanis, Torwalis, Hazaras, Burusho, Wakhis, Kalash, Siddis and other various minorities. B. Chakrabarti, P. K. Aggarwal, S. D. Singh, S. Nagarajan, and H. Pathak, Impact of high temperature on pollen germination and spikelet sterility in rice: comparison between basmati and non-basmati varieties, Crop and Pasture Science, vol. 4, pp. At the same time in its phonology it is radically different[80] (particularly in the lack of tones, the preservation of the voiced aspirates and the development of implosive consonants), and has important grammatical features in common with the Sindhi language spoken to the south. Leaf area index (LAI) increased gradually in all the tested varieties in all the planting dates up to heading and in most of the cases the differences are nonsignificant. Even among Pakistanis, Mirpur is considered uncivilized. The team also found that the progeny of inbreeding had a 44 percent increased risk of disease of any kind in comparison to those born to unrelated parents. 8, pp. 411417, 2000. To measure the effect of relationship on breeding, the term coefficient of inbreeding is used. The closer the blood relative, the higher the incidence of schizophrenia. 3552, International Rice Reseseach Institute and Bangladesh Rice Reseseach Institute, 1999. Loc Yengo and the University of Queensland team looked at the homozygosity of each individuals genetic information. The BRRI hybrid dhan2 is a popular indica hybrid rice variety developed by Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) in 2008. 69, no. The name "Sindhi" is derived from Sindhu, the original name of the Indus River. inbreeding [83] Differences with other Punjabi varieties are more pronounced in the morphology and phonology than in the syntax. Pakistan - fertility rate 2020 | Statista Balrajan, R. and Botting, B. Perinatal mortality in England and Wales: Variation by mothers country ofbirth (1982-1985). WebInbreeding is the production of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically. [3] The median age of the country was 19,[3] while its sex ratio was recorded to be 105 males per 100 females. It is, therefore, imperative that future health care programmes be directed towards prenatal diagnosis of congenital malformations, screening of population for carriers and genetic counselling centres especially when we have the highest coefficient of inbreeding in the world. The Heera2 and BRRI hybrid dhan2 showed considerable decrease in flag leaf photosynthetic rate 9 days after flowering in the 5 February planting. Average data of two dry seasons, 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 used. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Distinct urban-rural differentials emerged. The UK Biobank is known to have over-representation from healthy and highly educated individuals which likely biases our estimates., Highly inbred individuals who suffer severe health consequences may be less likely to participate in a study such as the U.K. Biobank, the studys authors wrote. Regarding the association of types of relationship to malformations, of the total related parents (n=3820), 50% of second cousins had malformations in their children The figures fnr first cousins and distant related parents were 39% and 36% respectively (Figure 1). Hybrid rice varieties exhibited higher degree of sensitivity to temperature rising in regard to shoot reserve remobilization to grain compared to the inbred. Photosynthetic rate of flag leaf at 2, 9, 16, and 23 days after flowering is presented in Table 5. [14] The United Nations was unable to estimate how many deaths were officially registered. [75] It entered the New Indo-Aryan stage around the 10th century CE. 135138, 1999. Furthermore, researchers found that the prevalence of extreme inbreeding was far higher than previously thought. On the other hand, Christianity in Pakistan, while increasing in raw numbers, has fallen significantly in percentage terms since the last census. Demographics of Pakistan - Wikipedia Currently, you are using a shared account. WebMianchannu-51 --19 70 Muridke-92 3-19 114 Sheikhupura-381 32-67 480 Gujrat 34 306 6 9 70 425 Jhelum 4 394 39 3 338 778 Consanguinity related prenatal and postnatal mortality in Pakistan inbreeding. Other sub-dialects are Kalati (Qalati), Chagai-Kharani and Panjguri. India South Asia Asia Place . Ratio of spikelets number to leaf area (at heading), yield sink to leaf area (at heading), and grain dry matter accumulated from current photosynthetic assimilation to leaf area (average from heading to maturity) were reflected the source-sink relation in the studied hybrid and inbred varieties (Table 6). Such a decline has not been seen anywhere else due to the positive social benefits which such marriages provide, especially to women. This observation was partially consistent with Peng et al. Int. The 2017 census showed an increasing share in Hinduism, mainly caused by a higher birth rate among the impoverished Hindus of Sindh province. Med. In spite of prevailing normal temperature one week before and after of flowering (data not shown) and normal appearance of spikelets, the number of filled grain as a percentage declined rapidly in studied hybrid varieties than in inbred BRRI dhan45 at delayed planting. Genet., 1990;27:348-52. This shows the poor performance of Heera2 and BRRI hybrid dhan2 for the delayed planting dates. 1, pp. Modell, B. and Kuliev, AM. 110118, 2008. In captive breeding facilities these two individuals are often related, making inbreeding common. Bundey, S., Alam, H., Kaur, A. eta!. Planting dates had little influence on flag leaf chlorophyll content. T. Lafarge and C. S. Bueno, Higher crop performance of rice hybrids than of elite inbreds in the tropics: 2. Dry matter accumulation was steeper in Heera2 and BRRI hybrid dhan2 at early planting due to the low temperature induced-longer vegetative duration and efficient source activity. This broad swath of detrimental effects ranged from something as harmless as shorter stature to serious cases of reduced cognitive ability, lower fertility, and poor lung function. Ethnolinguistic groups with a population of more than a million each. America. About 70 percent of the genetic disorders in dogs are autosomal recessive, explains Carol Beuchat, Scientific Director of the Institute of Canine Biology. Perinatal mortality in different ethnic groups. 6, no. The studied hybrid and inbred varieties produced statistically similar grain yield at delayed planting (5 February) in 2008-09 and 2009-10, which was associated with rapid reduction of the number of filled grain percentage in hybrid varieties. [22]. 0.2g in the hybrids for rising average daily temperature 1C from 29C while this reduction rate was negligible in the inbred rice variety (Figure 3). By 2025, You May Be Able To Stay In A Luxury Space Hotel Named After A Nazi. Table of Contents Inbreeding statistics by state The U.S has a low inbreeding rate of about 0.1 to 0.2% only There are only 18 states listed to have inbreeding cases About 70% of inbred families live in desolate areas. Muslims suffer insanity, low IQ, recessive disorders from 1400 [6] This meant that the total population of Pakistan in 2017 was 213,222,917. As a consequence, yield of hybrid varieties decreased rapidly compared to the inbred under delayed planting. Grain filling index reflects the source-sink relationship [36]. Both hybrids accumulated higher amount of biomass before heading and exhibited greater remobilization of assimilates to the grain in early plantings compared to the inbred variety. Whereas, some investigators mentioned that the hybrid has the lower single-leaf photosynthetic rate throughout the whole growth period and greater LAI contributes to the heterosis in biomass production and grain yield [3, 29, 30]. Both the hybrids, Heera2 and BRRI hybrid dhan2, clearly superseded the elite inbred BRRI dhan45 in respect of assimilate remobilization from shoot reserve in early planting (Table 6). J. E. Sheehy, P. L. 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